Traffic monitoring is a research area that involves the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data related to traffic flow and congestion on roadways. This data is typically captured using sensors, cameras, and other monitoring devices installed along highways, streets, and intersections. The goal of traffic monitoring research is to improve transportation systems by providing real-time information on traffic conditions, identifying bottlenecks and areas of congestion, and optimizing traffic flow. This information is used by transportation agencies, city planners, and engineers to make informed decisions about infrastructure improvement projects, traffic management strategies, and emergency response planning. Researchers in this field develop algorithms, models, and data analysis techniques to process and interpret the vast amounts of data collected from traffic monitoring systems. They also explore new technologies, such as connected vehicle systems and smart traffic lights, to enhance the efficiency and safety of transportation networks.